Linux commands

By /
  1. ls: List files and directories.
  2. pwd: Print the working directory.
  3. cd: Change directory.
  4. touch: Create an empty file.
  5. mkdir: Create a directory.
  6. rmdir: Remove a directory.
  7. cp: Copy files or directories.
  8. mv: Move or rename files and directories.
  9. rm: Remove files or directories.
  10. cat: View file contents.
  11. more or less: View file contents one screen at a time.
  12. head: Display the beginning of a file.
  13. tail: Display the end of a file.

File Permissions: 14. chmod: Change file permissions.

  1. chown: Change file ownership.
  2. chgrp: Change group ownership.

Text Processing: 17. grep: Search text using patterns.

  1. sed: Stream editor for text manipulation.
  2. awk: Text processing and pattern matching.
  3. cut: Remove sections from lines of files.
  4. sort: Sort lines of text files.
  5. uniq: Remove duplicate lines from a sorted file.
  6. wc: Count words, lines, and characters in a file.
  7. diff: Compare files line by line.

File Compression and Archiving: 25. tar: Archive files.

  1. gzip: Compress files.
  2. gunzip: Decompress files.
  3. zip: Create compressed zip archives.
  4. unzip: Extract files from zip archives.

File Transfer: 30. scp: Securely copy files between hosts.

  1. rsync: Synchronize files and directories.

File Permissions: 32. passwd: Change user password.

  1. sudo: Execute a command with superuser privileges.
  2. su: Switch user or become superuser.

Processes: 35. ps: List running processes.

  1. top: Monitor system processes.
  2. kill: Terminate processes.
  3. bg and fg: Put a process in the background or foreground.

System Information: 39. uname: Display system information.

  1. df: Display disk space usage.
  2. du: Display file and directory space usage.
  3. free: Display system memory usage.
  4. uptime: Show system uptime.
  5. hostname: Display or set system hostname.

Package Management: 45. apt-get or apt: Package manager for Debian-based systems.

  1. yum or dnf: Package manager for Red Hat-based systems.
  2. rpm: Package manager for Red Hat-based systems (querying).

Networking: 48. ifconfig: Network interface configuration.

  1. ping: Send ICMP echo requests to a host.
  2. netstat: Network statistics.
  3. ssh: Secure shell for remote access.
  4. scp: Securely copy files over SSH.
  5. wget or curl: Download files from the internet.
  6. nslookup or dig: DNS query tools.
  7. route: Display or modify the IP routing table.

User and Group Management: 56. useradd: Create a new user.

  1. userdel: Delete a user.
  2. usermod: Modify user attributes.
  3. groupadd: Create a new group.
  4. groupdel: Delete a group.
  5. passwd: Change user password.

File System Utilities: 62. fsck: Filesystem consistency check.

  1. mount: Mount filesystems.
  2. umount: Unmount filesystems.

System Control: 65. shutdown: Shutdown or restart the system.

  1. reboot: Reboot the system.
  2. halt: Halt the system.
  3. init: System initialization.

Logs and Monitoring: 69. tail: Display the end of a file (logs).

  1. journalctl: Query systemd journal logs.
  2. dmesg: Display kernel messages.
  3. sar: System activity reporter.
  4. htop: Interactive system monitor.

File Search: 74. find: Search for files and directories.

  1. locate: Quickly locate files.

File Permissions: 76. umask: Set default file permissions.

  1. chattr and lsattr: Change or list file attributes.

Disk Usage Analysis: 78. du: Estimate file and directory space usage.

  1. ncdu: Interactive disk usage analyzer.

System Information: 80. lscpu: Display CPU information.

  1. lsusb: List USB devices.
  2. lsblk: List block devices.

Text Editors: 83. nano, vi, vim, emacs: Text editors.

Compression and Decompression: 84. tar: Archive and extract files.

  1. gzip and gunzip: Compress and decompress files.
  2. zip and unzip: Work with zip archives.

Networking: 87. ifconfig and ip: Configure network interfaces.

  1. ping: Test network connectivity.
  2. netstat and ss: Display network statistics.
  3. traceroute: Trace the route to a host.
  4. iptables and ufw: Configure firewall rules.
  5. ssh: Secure shell for remote access.

User and Group Management: 93. useradd and userdel: Add and delete users.

  1. passwd: Change user password.
  2. groupadd and groupdel: Add and delete groups.

File System Utilities: 96. df and du: Display disk usage.

  1. mount and umount: Mount and unmount filesystems.

Package Management: 98. apt-get and dpkg: Package management on Debian-based systems.

  1. yum and rpm: Package management on Red Hat-based systems.
  2. snap and flatpak: Package management for snap and flatpak packages.

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